Human Anatomy and Physiology I
Exam 2 - Oct 21, 1994
Dr. Chabot
VERSION 4
GOOD LUCK!
MULTIPLE CHOICE (@2 points): Do only 30 of 33.
• The first 30 answered will be graded.
• Choose the one best answer.
• Please indicate with an "X" in the left margin of your paper which answers you do not want graded.
1. Which of the following is true about aerobic respiration?
A. breakdown of glucose to 2 fatty acid molecules
B. reactions that occur in the absence of O2
C. energy being released and transferred to form ATP molecules
D. all of these
2. The reactions of the krebs cycle occur in/on the
A. cytoplasm
B. cristae of the mitochondria
C. matrix of the mitochondria
D. all of these
3. If a strand of a DNA molecule contained the base sequence C, T, A, G, C, the complementary strand of RNA would contain the base sequence
A. A, G, C, T, A
B. G, A, T, C, G
C. G, U, A, C, G
D. G, A, U, C, G
4. The transfer of genetic information from the nucleus into the cytoplasm is a function of
A. DNA molecules
B. ribosomal RNA
C. messenger RNA
D. transfer RNA
5. A molecule that is common to carbohydrate and lipid metabolic pathways and serves to connect these two pathways metabolically is
A. glucose
B. pyruvic acid
C. acetyl coenzyme A
D. glycogen
6. A glucose molecule is changed into two pyruvic acid molecules in
A. glycolysis
B. the citric acid (Kreb's) cycle
C. the electron transport system
D. none of these
7. Which of the following is a difference between RNA and DNA molecules?
A. RNA contains uracil instead of thymine.
B. RNA contains ribose instead of glucose.
C. RNA is usually composed of a double strand instead of a single strand like DNA.
D. None of these; RNA and DNA are essentially the same.
8. A basement membrane occurs between
A. muscle and nerve tissue
B. epithelial and connective tissue
C. connective and muscle tissue
D. brain and nervous tissue
9. The tissue that forms the inner lining of the respiratory passages is
A. pseudostratified
B. ciliated
C. mucus-secreting
D. all of these
10. Inflammatory reactions usually occur in
A. epithelium
B. connective tissue
C. muscle tissue
D. nervous tissue
Permanent wrinkling of skin is usually due to changes caused by excessive exposure to
A. water
B. sunlight
C. dry air
D. heat
12. Collagen is a major component of
A. bone
B. ligament
C. tendon
D. all of these
13. The substance called pus contains
A. bacteria
B. tissue fluid
C. white blood cells
D. all of these
14. Which of the following is not a tissue response associated with inflammation?
A. nearby blood vessels become constricted
B. affected cells release histamine
C. extra fluid enters tissue spaces
D. pain nerve endings are stimulated
15. The dermis is composed largely of
A. fibrous connective tissue
B. loose connective tissue
C. epithelial tissue
D. adipose tissue
16. Eccrine sweat glands differ from sebaceous glands
A. in terms of what is secreted
B. in their location in the body
C. because sebaceous glands are associated with hair follicles,
whereas sweat glands are not
D. all of these
17. Epidermal cells are supplied with nutrients from blood vessels located in the
A. epidermis
B. dermis
C. subcutaneous layer
D. all of these
18. The nerve fibers in the dermis function to stimulate
A. blood vessels in the epidermis
B. muscles and glands in the dermis
C. melanocytes in the epidermis
D. the sensory receptors
19. The presence of an metaphyseal disk indicates that the
A. bone length is increasing
B. bone length is no longer increasing
C. bone diameter is increasing
D. bone is dead
20. Which of the following is not found in spongy bone?
A. trabeculae
B. osteons
C. canaliculi
D. osteoblasts
21. Osteoclast cells are defined as
A. bone cells that secrete bone matrix
B. mature bone cells that maintain the matrix
C. immature bone cells that give rise to osteocytes
D. bone cells that digest bone tissue
22. Endochondral ossification involves __________, whereas intramembranous ossification involves forming bone __________.
A. forming bone by replacing hyaline cartilage; by replacing
connective tissue
B. forming bone in broad, flat areas of the skull; in the arms
and legs
C. hardening of bone as a result of deposition of calcium salts;
by osteoclast cells
D. forming bone by the action of osteocytes; by the action of
osteoblasts
23. Bone tissue originates from
A. ectoderm.
B. endoderm.
C. mesoderm.
D. ectoderm and endoderm.
24. Which of the following is NOT a general feature of epithelial tissue?
A. Epithelium consists mostly of loosely packed cells with a large amount of extracellular material between adjacent cells.
B. Epithelial cells are arranged in continuous single or multiple layer sheets.
C.Epithelial cells often have junctions between them.
D.Epithelial are not vascular.
25. Which of the following statements about hyaline cartilage is true?
A.It is found in the embryonic skeleton.
B.It is found in the center of long bones.
C.It is the cartilage present in vertebral discs.
D.It is generally inflexible.
26. Which of the following is a function of skin?
A.blood reservoir
B. excretion
C. immunity
D.regulator of body temperature
E.all of the above
27. In people of European descent (Caucasians), the skin appears pink to red with the red color coming from
A. carotene.
B.hemoglobin.
C. melanin.
D.vitamin D.
E. vitamin K.
28. Hair follicles are invaginations (or downgrowths) of the
A.stratum basale.
B.stratum corneum.
C.stratum granulosum
D.stratum spinosum
29. Small spaces in bone tissue which contain osteocytes are known as
A.canaliculi.
B.Haversian canals.
C. lacunae.
D.trabeculae.
E.Volkmann's canals.
30. Which cells are responsible for bone reabsorption (destruction of matrix)?
A. chondroblasts
B.osteoblasts
C.osteoclasts
D. osteocytes
E.osteogenic
31. In order for the energy stored in proteins to be converted into ATP:
A. amine groups first need to be removed
B. carboxyl groups first need to be removed
C. protein synthesis must be stopped
D. none of the above
32. The enzymes in carbohydrate catabolism can be controlled (regulatd) such that during exercise:
A. the metabolic rate can increase by 50-100 times
B. the metabolic rate can increase by 5-10 times
C. the metabolic rate can decrease by 50-100 times
D. the metabolic rate can decrease by 5-10 times
33. In the electron transport chain, the energy in NADH+ + H+ + e- is transferred to:
A. 1 ATP
B. 2 ATPs
C. 3 ATPs
D. 4 ATPs
FILL-INS (@ 2 pts)
Write in the word or words which fit best. DO ONLY 10 of the 12. The first 10 filled in will be graded!
1. A single layer of flattened epithelium would constitute the tissue called ____________________ .
2. The deepest cells of the epidermis make up the stratum ______________.
3. Melanin functions to protect underlying cells against the effects of __________________ (be specific).
4. Bone-forming cells are called ____________________.
5. _______________ is a waterproofing protein found in certain types of epithelium, and it is resistant to friction while repelling bacteria..
6. The cells of mature cartilage are called ________.
7. The deepest part of the dermis is known as the _________________ layer.
8. The ___________________ bone marrow stores lipids.
9. _________________ are mature bone cells and are the principal cells of bone tissue.
10.______________ fibers make bone less brittle than other calcium-based products, such as oyster and egg shells.
11. A specific enzyme that is involved in glycolysis is ________________________.
12. The enzyme that causes transcription to occur is ________ _____________.
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SHORT ANSWER: (@10 pts)
• Choose 2 out of 3. • The first 2 answered will be graded.
1) Using symbols and diagrams, outline the incomplete oxidation (anaerobic respiration) of 1 molecule of glucose. Be sure to mention the a) name of the pathway(s), b) any intermediate ("new") molecules produced, c) the waste products, and d) the important molecules that are produced. DO NOT USE SENTENCES.
2) Using symbols and diagrams, outline DNA synthesis (replication). Be sure to describe the important molecules that are involved and be as detailed as you can (hint - what bonds with what, where does it occur, etc.). DO NOT USE SENTENCES.
3) A) Draw and label the following tissues.
B) Also mention one area where they are found in the human body.
a) stratified squamous (keratinized) b) dense connective c) hyaline cartilage