Human Anatomy and Physiology II

Exam 1, Version 10 - Feb. 22, 2002

Dr. Chabot

Multiple Choice (@3 points): Circle the letter of the one best answer. GOOD LUCK!

Answer only 27 out of 29! The first 27 answered will be graded.

1. The pattern for walking is encoded at the level of the:

A. spinal cord

B. cerebellum

C. basal nuclei

D. cerebral cortex

2. The nervous system exhibits all these major functions except:

A. monitoring changes

B. integrating impulses

C. storing calcium

D. effecting responses

3. An excitatory neurotransmitter secreted by motor neurons innervating skeletal muscle is:

A. cholinesterase

B. norepinephrine

C. acetylcholine

D. gamma aminobutyric acid

4. The period after an initial stimulus when a neuron is not sensitive to another stimulus is the:

A. resting period

B. repolarization

C. depolarization

D. refractory period

5. The part of a neuron that conducts impulses away from its cell body is called a (an):

A. axon

B. dendrite

C. neurolemma

D. Schwann cell

6. The point at which an impulse from one nerve cell is communicated to another nerve cell is a (an):

A. cell body

B. synapse

C. receptor

D. effector

7. The role of acetylcholinesterase is to:

A. act as a transmitting agent

B. amplify or enhance the effect of Ach

C. destroy Ach a brief period after its release by the axonal endings

D. stimulate the production of serotonin

8. The substance released at axonal endings to propagate a nervous impulse is called a(an):

A. ion

B. cholinesterase

C. neurotransmitter

D. biogenic amine

9. Which of these ions is actively transported through the cell membrane to establish a resting potential:

A. Na

B. Cl

C. Mg

D. Ca

10. The part of the neuron that normally receives stimuli is called:

A. an axon

B. a dendrite

C. a neurolemma

D. a Schwann cell

11. Choose the statement that is most correct about membrane potential:

A. voltage is measured by placing two electrodes on the exterior of the axon

B. voltage is measured by placing one electrode inside the membrane and another outside the membrane

C. voltage is measured by placing one electrode on one end of the axon and another electrode on the other end

D. voltage is measured by placing one electrode on the axon and grounding the other electrode

12. The sodium/potassium pump:

A. pumps three sodium ions outside the cell for every two potassium ions inside

B. pumps two sodium ions outside the cell for every three potassium ions inside

C. pumps three sodium ions inside the cell for every two potassium ions outside

D. pumps two sodium ions inside the cell for every three potassium ions outside

13. Which group of fibers spreads impulses at up to 1.5 meter per second?

A. group A fibers

B. group B fibers

C. group C fibers

D. group D fibers

14. Neuroglia that control the chemical environment around neurons by buffering potassium and recapturing neurotransmitters are:

A. astrocytes

B. oligodendrocytes

C. microglia

D. Schwann cells

15. Schwann cells are functionally similar to:

A. ependymal cells

B. microglia

C. oligodendrocytes

D. astrocytes

16. Immediately after an action potential has peaked, which cellular gates open?

A. sodium

B. chloride

C. calcium

D. potassium

17. An inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) is associated with:

A. a change in sodium ion permeability

B. hyperpolarization

C. opening of voltage-gated channels

D. lowering the threshold for an action potential to occur

18. The spinal cord has gray matter on the:

A. outside, white matter on the inside, and a dorsal motor root

B. inside, white matter on the outside, and a ventral motor root

C. inside, white matter on the outside, and a dorsal motor root

D. outside, white matter on the inside, and a ventral motor root

19. A lateral tract in the spinal cord would be the:

A. corticospinal

B. fasciculus cuneatus

C. fasciculus gracilis

D. tectospinal

20. Striking the "funny bone" is actually stimulation of the:

A. radial nerve

B. sciatic nerve

C. ulnar nerve

D. median nerve

21. Direct-acting neurotransmitters (as opposed to transmitters that act via second messengers):

A.   require cyclic AMP

B.    mediate very slow responses

C.    open ion channels to provoke rapid responses

D.   act through second messengers

22. Recent evidence suggests that moderate consumption of alcohol may:

A. increase one's risk of cardiovascular disease

B. increase one's risk of developing Alzheimers

C. decrease the risk of stroke

D. decrease the risk of developing liver disease

23. In another article we discussed in class, a risk factor of childhood asthma seems to be

A. a grandparent who smokes

B. increased exposure to air pollution

C. a sedentary lifestyle

D. a lack of exercise

24. Multiple sclerosis is a disease of the:

A. cell bodies of motor neurons

B. dendrites of motor neurons

C. glial cells that wrap motor neurons

D. all of the above

25. Information is conveyed via the ______ of action potentials

A. size

B. relative refractory

C. frequency

D. width

26. ________ is involved in the transport of neurotransmitters along the axon.

A. kinesins or dyneins

B. microtubules

C. vessicles

D. all of the above

27. If the same neurotransmitter is dumped onto two different neurons and yet cause two different effects, the difference between the two neurons can be attributed to differences in:

A. the membranes

B. the receptors

C. the voltage mediated Na channels

D. the voltage mediated K channels

28. A similarity between graded and action potentials includes:

A. the types of channels involved

B. the types of ions involved

C. the size of the potentials

D. the duration of the potentials

29. In the crossed extensor reflex, if the right bicep is stimulated:

A. the right tricep will be stimulated

B. the left tricep will be stimulated

C. the left tricep will be inhibited

D. the left bicep will be stimulated

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Essay/Short Answer (@ 10 pts). Answer only 2 of the following 3. The first 2 answered will be graded.

1) Draw and label a diagram showing a cross section through the spinal cord. Be as detailed as you can.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2) Describe how an action potential occurs in an axon. You may use diagrams to support your written text.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3) List four of the nerves of the brachial plexus and their functions.